Showing posts with label laws. Show all posts
Showing posts with label laws. Show all posts

Friday, October 22, 2010

Crossposting: عاملات المنازل في لبنان: قصص متكررة تبدأ بأجور زهيدة وتنتهي بمآس

يأتين في الغالب من إثيوبيا ودول آسيوية ويعملن على مدار الساعة بأقل من 200 دولار شهريا

تحبس العاملة الإثيوبية في لبنان «عربو»، دموعها وهي تتذكر صديقتها سارة التي قررت العودة إلى بلادها بعد غياب 13 عاما لتأمين مبلغ يكفي لشراء أرض وبناء منزل في قريتها. تقول: «المسكينة لم تحظ طوال إقامتها في لبنان بإجازة، وعندما قررت الراحة، ارتاحت إلى الأبد. مسكينة والدتها التي استغرق وصولها من قريتها إلى مطار أديس أبابا تسع ساعات علها تحضن ابنتها التي هاجرت لتؤمن مستقبل العائلة وتعلم أشقاءها وتبني منزل أحلامها، لكن سارة لن تصل إلا في تابوت، لأنهم عثروا على جثتها في البحر».

وكانت عربو تتحدث لـ«الشرق الأوسط» من مطار بيروت الدولي بعد حادثة سقوط الطائرة الإثيوبية قبالة الشاطئ فجر الاثنين الماضي. مثلها كثيرات كن ينتحبن ويحاولن معرفة مصير 22 عاملة إثيوبية كن على متن الطائرة المنكوبة، في حين لم يكن بين الركاب الإثيوبيين رجل واحد باستثناء طاقم الطائرة، الأمر الذي يشير إلى حجم معاناة هؤلاء العاملات اللاتي يتركن بلادهن بحثا عن عمل دوامه على امتداد ساعات اليوم، ليل نهار، وطوال أيام الأسبوع، وذلك مقابل مبلغ يتراوح بين 150 و200 دولار.

وحكاية العمالة الأجنبية في لبنان شرحها يطول. هي حكاية معاناة مريرة بعض الأحيان، وإن كان التعميم لا يجوز، لكن الاستثناءات قاسية ومخالفة لأدنى حقوق الإنسان، وصولا إلى الموت، إما انتحارا أو في حوادث تبقى غامضة ولا تهتم الأجهزة المختصة بإيلائها حقها من التحقيق ومعاقبة المسؤولين.

إلا أن إثارة القضية تتم بوتيرة مكثفة بعد عزوف سلطات البلدان المصدرة للعمالة عن إرسال عاملات إلى لبنان، كما هي الحال مع مدغشقر، وذلك في انتظار الحصول على أجوبة واضحة من السلطات اللبنانية بشأن انتحار مواطنة ومقتل مواطنتين في حادثي سير.

وترتكز العمالة الأجنبية في المنازل اللبنانية على مواطنات من سري لانكا والفيلبين ونيبال وبنغلاديش وإثيوبيا، بشكل أساسي. وكانت مدغشقر قد بدأت ترسل مواطناتها للعمل في لبنان وفق شروط مدروسة وعقود تضمن لهن ما أمكن من الحقوق. وفور حصول الحوادث الثلاثة قررت اتخاذ الإجراءات التي تحول دون تكرارها.

وتشير الإحصاءات إلى أن عدد العمال الأجانب في لبنان يقارب 200 ألف عامل وفق الأرقام الرسمية، ويبلغ عدد العاملات في المنازل 75% تقريبا من العدد الإجمالي. لكن الرقم أكبر بكثير بسبب وجود عمال دخلوا لبنان خلسة، أو انتهت إقاماتهم ولا يزالون يعملون بطريقة غير شرعية ومن دون تسجيل في وزارة العمل ومديرية الأمن العام. ومعروف أن أصحاب العمل يصادرون من العاملة الأجنبية فور وصولها جواز سفرها، بعد أن يتسلموه ويتسلموها من المطار، ذلك أن القوانين تمنع خروجها إلا برفقة من طلبها للعمل. كذلك لا قوانين تحدد دوام عملها اليومي أو مدخولها الشهري الذي يتم الاتفاق عليه بين السفارة ومكاتب الاستخدام بشكل توافقي. ولا حق لها في الإجازات أسوة بأي عامل في أي مكان في الدول التي تحترم حقوق الإنسان. كما أن بعض أصحاب العمل لا يدفعون للعاملة راتبها عند نهاية كل شهر، وذلك بحجة الحؤول دون هروبها. وأحيانا يعجزون عن دفع المبالغ المتراكمة ولا تجد من تشكو له أمرها. هذا الواقع دفع وزير الداخلية اللبناني زياد بارود إلى طرح «ضرورة إيجاد مقاربة علمية وإنسانية وقانونية لحماية العاملات الأجنبيات في لبنان». وشدد في تصريح صحافي على ضرورة تعديل بعض التشريعات لإنصاف العاملات، ووجوب القيام بالمعالجات الفورية لجهة التدابير التي يفرضها عمل الأمن العام في هذا المجال، وتفعيل التنسيق بين جهاز الأمن العام من جهة، وسفارات أو قنصليات الدول التي ينتمي إليها هؤلاء العمال والعاملات.

وطالب بارود بـ«التسريع في نقل نظارة الأمن العام من مقرها الحالي تحت أحد الجسور في بيروت لإنشاء نظارة جديدة، مع العلم أن موازنة الإنشاء جاهزة من خلال دعم قدمه الاتحاد الأوروبي، وهي تأخذ بعين الاعتبار أن المبنى سيكون مبنى نظارة وليس سجنا».

تجدر الإشارة إلى أن النظارة الحالية الواقعة تحت أحد الجسور في بيروت، لا تتوفر فيها المواصفات الصحية ولا تصلها الشمس، وهي عبارة عن مكان يضم غرفة كبيرة مخصصة للموقوفين الرجال، وداخلها غرفة صغيرة مخصصة للموقوفات من العاملات الأجنبيات. ويروي أحد الناشطين في حقوق الإنسان أن «أيا كان يستطيع أن يتحرش بهؤلاء العاملات، سواء من جهة الموقوفين أو من جهة المكلفين بالحراسة، كأن يستدعيها أحد هؤلاء إلى مكتبة في ساعة متأخرة في الليل بحجة تنظيفه».

وعن حالات انتحار عاملات في منازل في لبنان، يذكر بارود أن «هذه القضية مرتبطة بما يحصل داخل تلك المنازل»، وأكد أهمية إيجاد آليات للرقابة وإتاحة المجال لوسائط تُنقل الشكاوى عبرها، وتوفير خط للنجدة وجمعيات متخصصة لرعاية العاملات. وقال إن «التجاوزات في هذا الملف تشهد تراجعا، وعملية التعميم مسيئة، ذلك أن جزءا كبيرا من الأسر اللبنانية يتعامل بأسلوب إنساني مع العاملة الأجنبية». كما شدد على «أهمية التوعية لمن يتعرضن لمعاملة سيئة وإطلاعهن على حقوقهن التي تخولهن مقاضاة من يسيء إليهن».

ومعروف أن جمعية «كاريتاس لبنان» تهتم بأوضاع العاملات المعنفات، أو اللاتي تعترضهن ظروف قاسية، لا سيما لجهة الاندماج في المجتمع اللبناني وتحديدا لمن لا تجيد إلا لغة بلادها. ولدى الجمعية أطباء يهتمون بالأحوال الصحية لمن يقصدهم، كذلك لديها محامون واختصاصيون اجتماعيون ونفسيون. وقد التقت «الشرق الأوسط» في مقر الجمعية بإحدى العاملات، وهي من الجنسية السريلانكية، وقد هربت من منزل مخدوميها بعد تعرضها لمعاملة سيئة، وعملية تجويع مستمرة وإهمال أدى إلى إصابتها بانهيار صحي ونفسي تام. الفتاة التي تبلغ 26 عاما وتعمل في منزل يقع في منطقة جبلية باردة، تقول: «أعطاني أصحاب المنزل غرفة خارجه. في الغرفة فراش على الأرض وغطاء رقيق. ولم تنفع توسلاتي بالحصول على غطاء صوفي يحميني من الصقيع. كانوا يطعمونني كمية قليلة من فضلات طعامهم. وعندما كنت أئن من الألم كان نصيبي الضرب، حتى شعرت أني سأموت. حينها هربت ولا أعرف كيف وصلت إلى بيروت وأرشدوني إلى الجمعية، التي تولت نقلي إلى المستشفى للمعالجة. كان وضعي صعبا لولا رحمة الله وعناية (كاريتاس). واليوم يتولى أحد المحامين قضيتي وأتمنى أن ينال من كنت أعمل عندهم عقابهم».

العقاب بدأ ينفذ في حق من يسيء إلى العاملات الأجنبيات. فقد أصدر أحد القضاة حكما بالسجن على لبناني ألحق ضررا بعاملة فيلبينية. لكن يبقى أن أصحاب مكاتب الاستخدام يشكلون عاملا من عوامل العنف الممارس ضد هذه الفئة المقهورة. فمن لا يرضى عنها أصحاب عملها، يأتي موظف من المكتب لـ«يربيها»، أي يصفعها ويشدها من شعرها ويشتمها، حتى تنصاع لرغبات مخدوميها. ويعتبر أن الأمر عادي ولا لزوم للاعتراض، «لأنهن لا يفهمن إلا بالضرب».

من هنا تتكرر حالات هروب العاملات في المنازل. وتكفي مطالعة الإعلانات في الصحف لاكتشاف النسبة العالية لهذه الفئة التي تفضل خوض مغامرتها على طريقتها. وقد تعرضها هذه الطريقة إلى مافيات منظمة تعمل على استغلال العاملات الهاربات. تقول تشيميلي من إثيوبيا إنها وصلت إلى لبنان لتعمل في أحد المنازل، لكنها فوجئت بأن عليها أن تعمل في ثلاثة منازل لعائلة واحدة وفي مبنى واحد. فهي ملزمة بتنظيف بيت زوجين عجوزين وبيتين لعائلتي ابنيهما المتزوجين، وذلك مقابل 150 دولارا في الشهر. وتقول: «عندما وصلت قرروا أن ينادوني جمال. ألغوا اسمي والأمر آلمني كثيرا. اعتبروا أنني من منطقة بدائية بعيدة عن الحضارة، أي متعودة على العمل القاسي ولم يرحموني، فهربت والتحقت بإحدى بنات بلدي التي تقيم وحدها وتعمل لحسابها. والأمر ليس سهلا لكن يبقى أفضل من الاستعباد. فأنا أعمل بالساعة وأدفع مما أحصله مبلغا مقطوعا لمن يدبر أموري حتى أستطيع إيجاد فرصة مناسبة وأجمع ما يكفي لأعود إلى بلادي».

وكانت قضية العاملات الأجنبيات قد دفعت منظمات حقوق الإنسان إلى القيام بنشاط للتنديد بما يتعرضن له بعد تسجيل حوادث انتحار لعشر عاملات خلال سبعة أسابيع نهاية العام الماضي سواء بالشنق أو بالسقوط من شرفات الأبنية.

ويقول نديم حوري، وهو باحث في منظمة «هيومان رايتس ووتش» الحقوقية في لبنان: «السببان الرئيسيان هما الانتحار، أو الموت أثناء محاولة الهروب من أصحاب العمل». ويضيف: «هذا النمط من الإساءة يزداد بسبب اليأس الذي يدفع بالنساء إلى الانتحار نتيجة ظروف العمل السيئة والعزلة والإحساس بالعجز الذي ينتج عن نقص الموارد بأنواعها كافة». ويشير إلى أنه «تتم مصادرة جوازات سفر العاملات ويمنعن من الخروج أو التحدث إلى مواطناتهن». ووفق تقرير للمنظمة نتبين أن «أكثر من ثلث العاملات في البيوت في لبنان نفين أن يكون لديهن وقتا للراحة، وأكثر من 50% منهن قلن إنهن يعملن عشر ساعات يوميا على الأقل».

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Tuesday, June 22, 2010

Al Jazeera article: Lebanon MPs debate Palestinian refugee rights

Image Caption: Jumblatt, the Druze leader, backs the proposed law to grant Palestinian refugees basic rights [EPA]

Lebanon's parliament has tabled a proposal to offer basic rights to hundreds of thousands of Palestinian refugees.

The proposed legislation - the subject of a heated debate on Tuesday - would allow Palestinian refugees to work and own property in Lebanon. Nabih Berri, the parliament speaker, referred the bill to a committee for a one-month review.

Palestinian refugees have long been a controversial subject in Lebanon, and the debate cut across Lebanon's usual political alliances.

Saad Hariri, the Lebanese prime minister, supports the new legislation - as do Hezbollah and Amal, two of his chief rivals from the so-called March 8 alliance.

Walid Jumblatt, the Druze politician and head of the Progressive Socialist Party, also endorsed the bill.

"The Palestinian refugees have been waiting [for] 62 years, and we are not granting them the minimum of their rights," he said.


Christian concerns

A group of Christian parties, including the Phalange party and Lebanese Forces, opposed the measure, warning that it was a first step towards naturalising Lebanon's refugee population.

They worry that Palestinian refugees might eventually become Lebanese citizens. Most are Sunni Muslims, so their naturalisation would tip Lebanon's sectarian balance.

Sami Gemayel, a member of the Phalange party, said it would be unconstitutional.

The constitution includes a provision barring the "settlement of non-Lebanese in Lebanon".

"The Palestinian matter is a disputed issue, and a source of fear," Elie Marouni, an MP from the Phalange party, said.

Jumblatt called that position "stupid" and criticised "right-wing parties" for failing to distinguish between granting rights to Palestinian refugees and offering them citizenship.

The refugees are planning several major protests across Lebanon on June 27 to demand civil rights.

Crowded camps


More than 400,000 Palestinian refugees live in camps scattered across Lebanon. They do not enjoy the same rights as Lebanese citizens: refugees are barred from owning property, working, travelling overseas and receiving basic social services from the government.

The crowded camps have given rise to several armed groups. The Lebanese army fought a three-month battle in 2007 with one group, Fatah al-Islam, at the Nahr al-Bared refugee camp near Tripoli. More than 400 people, including dozens of civilians, were killed in the fighting.

Hariri said the poor conditions in the camps helped to create such groups.

"Should we deprive Palestinian refugees in Palestinian camps of their rights, so that they become terrorists in the future?" Hariri said during the parliamentary debate. "We have a historic opportunity to vote on this proposal."

But the proposal is controversial within Hariri's Future bloc too.

"Do not give to them [Palestinian refugees] the rights which are given to the Lebanese people," Atef Majdanani, a Future Movement MP, said.

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Friday, June 11, 2010

Article in Daily Star-Lebanon: Ministry launches complaints office for migrant workers

June 2, 2010

BEIRUT: Labor Minister Butros Harb announced Tuesday the opening of a complaints office in his ministry along with issuing a guide to inform migrant workers about their rights and obligations.

“I am pleased to tell you that I launched my reform program that will target the administration along with initiating different projects,” the labor minister told reporters.

Harb made his announcement during a news conference he held at the headquarters of the Labor Ministry in the Beirut suburb of Shiyyah.

Among the attendants were representatives of states that have migrant workers in Lebanon along with civil society committees.

Harb disclosed that he launched two initiatives.

“The first one is related to reforming the administration and eradicating corruption along with a quicker processing of citizen’s formalities,” said Harb, as he vowed to support “principled” employees who rejected bribery.

Harb said the second initiative aimed at restoring the reputation of Lebanon at the international level as a state that respected the rights of migrant workers after some media outlets claimed the contrary.

But Harb explained that it was impossible for his ministry to accomplish its social goals and to “enhance the social protection network” of migrant workers if the state did not protect the rights of those workers regardless of their nationality or race.

“I decided today to address the situation in the administration which citizens complained about by opening a complaint office in the ministry that can be contacted via a hotline,” he said.

The minister said that applications to be filled by citizens with complaints would be distributed at all branches and sections of the Labor Ministry.

“They will be asked to file the applications if they encountered a misbehavior, a delay in their formalities or if they were asked to pay a bribe,” said Harb, adding that the form would be mailed to the complaints office.

Harb voiced readiness to receive “oral complaints” through the hotline as well.

He stressed that he would devote extra time every day to examine the forwarded complaints and refer them to the concerned judiciary.

Concerning the guide for migrant workers, Harb said it would be translated into 14 languages and distributed at all airports, seaports and border posts.

“The guide aims to introduce the migrant worker to their rights and obligations along with respecting agreements and international treaties signed by Lebanon,” said Harb.

While many domestic workers in Lebanon are treated with respect, others find themselves trapped in abusive circumstances. Many complain of having their passports confiscated, salaries withheld, or of psychological, sexual or verbal abuse.

“Our people are kind and they respect human rights, but the situation of domestic workers still lacks complementary measures” Harb added.

Also, Harb underlined his ministry’s keenness on protecting the Lebanese from any potential assault by their domestic workers.

“This will take place by checking migrant workers’ mental state, moral credentials and health,” said Harb.

In late April of 2010, an Egyptian national stabbed to death four members from the same family in the Iqleem al-Kharoub village of Ketermaya in Mount Lebanon. The man was later lynched by an angry crowd from the village. –The Daily Star

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Monday, May 31, 2010

Article in Now Lebanon: From domestic abuse to rape: The story of Nahla

By: Hayeon Lee
At the age of 42, Nahla (whose name has been changed to conceal her identity) has been through a lot. The lawyer, who comes from a conservative Christian family, grew up being abused, along with her five sisters and three brothers, by a violent father.

When she was younger, Nahla says, she did not know that what she was experiencing was violence, and that the strict obedience enforced by her father shaped how she dealt with the later brutality – three attempted rapes – against her.

While the cabinet’s decision on Tuesday criminalizing domestic violence might help women like Nahla to be aware of their right to a peaceful life, there is a deep-rooted way of thinking that must also be overcome if violence against women is to disappear in this country.

Nahla says her father used to always tell her, “A woman’s honor is between her legs. If the girl loses her honor, it means I can kill her, cut her in pieces and bury her.” He did not stop with verbal threats either; whenever Nahla spoke with a male neighbor or wore a skirt above her knees, for example, he would beat her. Even after her father died, her brothers took on his role – with the approval of Nahla’s mother – and would habitually beat their sisters.

Nevertheless, Nahla tried to remain strong and hopeful. “My peace was only in praying,” she told NOW Lebanon and said she even considered for a while becoming a nun.

But the trauma did not end with her childhood, as on three separate occasions, Nahla was a victim of attempted rape.

The first time it happened was on Nahla’s second date with a neighbor in 1998. He invited her up to watch a World Cup game. Knowing that he lived with his family, she accepted, but when she realized that he was the only one home and was trying to lure her into his bedroom, she refused. “In one second, he took me in his arms and bit me [on my breast] in a violent way. All his teeth were in my flesh and I was bleeding. He did this to make me submit to him,” she said. She escaped when his sister rang the interphone before he could penetrate her. “And at the time, I was very weak to do [anything] against [the neighbor] because I have three brothers who are very traditional. They wouldn’t understand,” Nahla said. For over a decade, she only told a few people she trusted what had happened, but even to this day, she sees the neighbor on the streets. “He’s a criminal. Soon, I will sue him. Now I am strong and I can do this, but not at the time,” she said.

The second instance was seven years ago, when Nahla and a screenwriter met at Starbuck’s in Achrafieh with a group of friends. The two hit it off and talked until midnight, when the man asked Nahla for a ride home. Nahla drove him to his house, but when she refused to go upstairs for a cup of tea once they arrived, he started banging her head on the steering wheel and told her to get out of the car. He forced her to perform oral sex on him before he let her go. She only secretly told a few people this time, again, because she was afraid of her brothers.

The third time happened last year on Christmas day, when Nahla was jogging in a small park next to her house. A Syrian man in his 20s held a knife to her back and took her toward a small valley near the park. Fortunately, she was having her period, and the man did not penetrate her, as menstruation is considered “impure”. This time, she did report the incident to her family right away. “I told my family, ‘I want you to help me. This can happen to you or your child.’ My brothers went to the police station with me and were very nervous because now, they are thinking about their children. They don’t project on me,” she said.

While Nahla has slowly begun to come to terms with her past, there is still society to deal with. Many men, she says, are raised to see women as lesser human beings to simply control and dominate, so that there is a lack of respect. “Even girls sometimes judge me because I’ve been raped. They said, ‘It’s your clothes,’ because these girls are taught that girls must not be open-minded; they learn to be ‘good girls.’ And the other girls who are not following the rules are ‘bad girls’,” she said. “Some of my ex-girlfriends, they judge me because they think I am behind the rapes.”

Nahla says that growing up with violence made her blame herself for what happened. “All the time I have been blaming myself. I suffered for 10 years. I am always choosing the wrong men. Too many men tried to rape me. I felt I was doing the wrong things for 10 years,” Nahla says. But through psychotherapy, she hopes to stop the vicious cycle of self-blame. “[My psychotherapist] said that I’m reacting to my father’s education. I am not choosing. I’m reacting to my childhood.” And by finding a “deep, deep cure” for her psychological wounds, Nahla is sure that she will find her way.

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Thursday, May 27, 2010

Now Lebanon Article: Pervert paradise

Written by: Hayeon Lee
Tuesday, April 06. 2010

There was an amazing explosion of energy Sunday at the Sports City Center as one of Ethiopia’s most popular singers, Teddy Afro performed to a sea of female Ethiopian fans. Hundreds – maybe thousands – of Ethiopian women working all over Lebanon came in with their best hair and colors, ready to shake it.

But there was a darker side. Many of the men at the concert, whether they were random Arab bystanders or “security” guards, were taking the opportunity of the Teddy Afro craze to touch and grab Ethiopian women. Under the pretense of holding back the crowd from initially going near the stage, security guards, as I observed, brazenly and unnecessarily hugged the bodies of these women and groped them, one after another.

Nearby, a random guy with thickly gelled hair in his early thirties kept close to two young Ethiopian women, who were dancing and generally enjoying themselves. He walked up to one of them and put his arm around her waist and tried to pull her toward him. She waved her hand and moved away. He followed her and tried again. Again, she refused and moved away. This happened three times before he gave up and moved on to other groups of dancing women, who were too ecstatic to be on guard. I walked up to the harassed woman and asked her if she knew this guy. Looking scared and angry, she said, “No. He’s crazy. I said no.”

I guess some men there just wouldn’t take no for an answer.

Even more galling, was an older man with a walkie-talkie who kept on getting too close to women who were jumping up and down and singing along. Some women noticed, got annoyed and moved, but this didn’t deter him from leaning against other, inattentive women. His expression was one of lascivious bliss, as if he were saying, “Ah, this is the kind of place I want to be when I die.” I felt disgusted.

How sad that even when a whole event is dedicated to the 40,000 Ethiopian women who live and work in Lebanon, it is still tainted by leering men, driven in equal parts by exoticizing curiosity and blatant lust, who somehow believe that they are entitled to touching and enjoying Ethiopian women’s bodies anytime they want. These men would likely have no problem endorsing the sentiment I heard one man outside the sports center saying to an Ethiopian woman: “Yalla [Let’s go], Sri Lankiyyeh*!”

* Literally, this means “Sri Lankan woman,” and as women from Sri Lanka are the first and most populous of foreign domestic workers in this country, the term, “Sri Lankiyyeh” has simply become a derogatory and racist term for “foreign maid.”

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Friday, May 14, 2010

Article in Al Bawaba.com: Workers' rights in Lebanon are compromised, say AUB experts

Neo-liberal economic policies have stripped workers of basic rights and denied them a dignified existence, labor rights experts told an AUB audience.

In the seminar “Workers’ Rights and Entitlements,” held at AUB on May 4, 2010, three panelists shared their experiences of fighting for workers’ rights in Lebanon.

The country had experienced a gradual decline in the recognition of human rights, said Professor Jad Chaaban, assistant professor of economics at the School of Agriculture. He added that more than 70 percent of workers in Lebanon had no health insurance.

In addition, 35 percent work for less than the legal minimum wage and 60 percent had no retirement plan, he said.

Chaaban noted that neither the capitalist nor the communist labor theories had succeeded in completely protecting workers’ rights. “Reality is different from dreams,” he said.

He added that indirect taxes, such as VAT, as well as gasoline and tobacco taxes also adversely affected worker’s economic conditions.

The seminar was organized by AUB’s Human Rights and Peace Club and marked May 1, the day on which Lebanese workers first demanded basic labor rights.

Adib Abou Habib, former president of the Lebanese Union of Labor Syndicates, outlined the significance of May 1 before arguing that it was Lebanon’s precarious political situation which had contributed to a deterioration in working conditions.

He advised that workers join up with labor unions in order to better protect their rights.
Hanna Gharib, president of the Secondary Teachers’ Syndicate (LPESPL), highlighted the effects of Lebanon’s brain-drain, blaming pressure from banking and real-estate for many young people's decision to emigrate.

He also rounded on fast profit and privatization policies, claiming these were the principal factors behind economic decline in Lebanon. Policy-makers also needed to shoulder some blame, Gharib added, as the state had monopoly on economic decisions.

The issue of non-Lebanese workers in Lebanon was raised, with panelists calling on young people to increase their awareness about migrant workers in their country.

Habib urged Lebanese youth, including AUB students, to learn more about labor law in order to protect and defend their rights.

He added that students who went on to become ministers or policy-makers were best placed to reform the current law which continues to deny workers their inalienable rights.

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Wednesday, May 12, 2010

Jakarta Globe article: Workers’ Rights Start At Home: Activists

As the government pushes for protection of domestic workers overseas, activists on Sunday said it must start by passing a law guaranteeing their right to fair treatment here at home.

A bill being deliberated by a House of Representatives commission would mandate certain protections for domestic workers in Indonesia, which its supporters say is a crucial step before the country can negotiate protections of its workers elsewhere.

Rieke Diah Pitaloka, a Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) lawmaker and member of House Commission IX overseeing health, manpower and trans­migration issues, which is deliberating the bill, told the Jakarta Globe that the legislation would set the tone for future deals with other governments to provide better working conditions for Indonesians working in such countries as Malaysia.

Rieke said 80 percent of Indonesian migrant workers were domestic workers.

Activists campaigning with the National Network for Domestic Workers Advocacy (Jala PRT) have been calling for such a law since 2004.

Jala PRT chairwoman Lita Anggraini lambasted the Ministry of Manpower and Trans­migration for not doing enough to help push the bill through.

The ministry denies dragging its feet on the issue. Myra Maria Hanartani, the ministry’s director general for industrial relations development and workers’ social security, told the Globe, “It’s not that we don’t support the bill or are politically disinclined to it; we just can’t comment on it because we haven’t seen a copy of it yet.”

From 2005 to 2009, Jala PRT received 472 reports of domestic workers facing abuse by their employers, ranging from sexual harassment to withholding of wages and overwork.

Lita said the bill should include provisions for a weekly day off, standardized salaries, clear working hours and time for schooling or other opportunities for self-betterment.

Live-in domestic workers in Jakarta earn between Rp 400,000 and Rp 500,000 ($44-$55) a month, while in Yogyakarta they earn between Rp 300,000 and Rp 350,000, according to Jala PRT. The city-mandated minimum wage in Jakarta is Rp 1.1 million, but domestic workers are not eligible for it, given the lack of government recognition of the job as formal employment.

“We really need to pass this bill and get rid of the feudal system,” Rieke said.

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Daily Star: NGO organizes public discussion about plight of domestic workers

BEIRUT: Awareness about the plight of migrant domestic workers has grown but activists are still having trouble arousing the interest of the general public on the issue.

Hoping to attract wider involvement, non-governmental organization Nahwa al-Muwatiniya on Monday held a public discussion on the rights of migrants.

There are about 200,000 female migrant domestic workers in Lebanon. As they are not included in the Lebanese labor laws, they are vulnerable to exploitation. The laws governing migrant workers were formulated before “the explosion in their numbers,” said Beirut director of Human Rights Watch Nadim Houry.

He said there were over 500 recruitment agencies registered in the country, with an increasing number being granted licenses each year. But asking the authorities about the number of agencies blacklisted for abusive practices was “like asking for a state secret,” Houry said, urging greater transparency from the government.

A recruitment agency official said a syndicate for agencies and an accompanying website had recently been established to help organize the industry and protect workers. “Agencies must be more educated” about their obligations, he said, but noted they were “not law enforcers.”

Aimee, a Malagasy community leader who has lived in Lebanon for 12 years, told listeners about when she first came to the country. When she arrived at her employer’s house, “she didn’t smile or introduce herself … I didn’t even know her name or [phone] number.” She said she had to “fight” to be able to go to church on Sundays, let alone have a day off.

Although a complaints hotline is being established by the Labor Ministry for migrant workers and their employers, participants said it remained to be seen how effective it would be. “Who is on the other end of that hotline?” asked Father Martin McDermott, who has pioneered migrant rights in Lebanon. – The Daily Star

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Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Human Rights Watch: Letter to Lebanese government voicing concern over migrant and refugee arbitrary detentions

Photo by:Carlo Nicora

Your Excellencies:

We are a group of Lebanese and international organizations working on human rights issues in Lebanon. We are writing to voice our concern regarding the continued detention of migrants and refugees after they finish serving their sentences, without any legal basis for the continued detention and to recommend ways to put an end to this violation of Lebanese and international human rights law.

The detention of foreigners in Lebanon following the end of their sentences is a long-standing problem. According to a report by the Internal Security Forces, as of August 24, 2009, 13 percent of detainees in Lebanese prisons were foreigners who had finished serving their sentence and yet remained in jail. The group included asylum seekers and refugees who cannot safely return to their country.

Over the last two months, Lebanese courts issued four decisions deeming that the continued detention of four Iraqis who had finished serving their sentences was illegal under Lebanese law and under Lebanon's international obligations.[1] Three of the Iraqis had remained in detention for more than a year following the end of their sentence. These decisions highlight a broader problem that currently exists in Lebanon when it comes to the protection of the basic rights of detained foreigners.

Under the current system, whenever a foreign detainee finishes serving his or her sentence, the Internal Security Forces, which manages the prisons, do not release him or her but rather refer the case to the Directorate General of General Security, regardless of whether the court has ruled that he or she should be deported.[2] These foreign detainees are then either kept in the prison where they served their sentence, transferred to Roumieh central prison or referred to the custody of General Security in their detention facility in Adlieh. Regardless of their place of detention, many are kept for months after the expiry of their judicial sentence before they are either released or deported.

There are a number of problems with this situation. As the courts pointed out in their four decisions, there is no legal basis for detaining a foreigner following the end of his or her sentence. Lebanese law generally provides that in cases where the court orders the deportation of a foreigner, that person has 15 days to exit the country "by his or her own means" (Art. 89 of the Penal Code). The only provision in Lebanese law that allows General Security to detain a person is if the person represents a threat to national security or public security. In such a case, but only in such a case, Article 18 of the 1962 Law on Entry and Exit allows the director general of General Security to detain a foreigner administratively with the approval of the public prosecutor until his or her deportation.[3]

Your excellencies, the detention of foreigners after the end of their sentence has become widespread practice in Lebanon, but it takes place outside the realm of the law and beyond the purview of judicial oversight: the continued detention of foreigners following the end of their sentence is generally not based on any sort of judicial or administrative order. The Lebanese judiciary has finally recognized this important fact. In the four rulings mentioned above, the judges determined that detention was neither based on a judicial decision nor an administrative decision of General Security and accordingly could not be upheld.

There are today more than 230 foreigners, including at least 13 refugees, who have finished serving their sentence and yet remain in prison. The Lebanese judiciary has highlighted the need to reform this system. It is now up to the Lebanese authorities to enact the necessary measures to ensure compliance with Lebanon's constitution, notably Article 8, which states that "no one may be arrested, imprisoned, or kept in custody except in according to the provisions of the law." as well as Lebanon's obligations under international law, notably the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Article 9 of that treaty states that "No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law."

To ensure compliance, we propose the following measures to tackle the issue:

A. As an immediate step, we urge:

  • The Minister of Interior, as the minister responsible for prisons, to enforce the three judicial decisions deeming the continued detention of Riad Ali Jawad Hashem, Wisam Samah Fazza` al-Yusef, and Maytham Jawad al-Bay`i illegal. At the time of the writing, only Yusra al-Amiri had been released.
  • The Ministry of Justice and Interior to form a joint committee to prepare a list of all foreigners who have finished serving their sentence and remain in detention without legal basis. The committee should coordinate its work with UNHCR to determine if any of the detained foreigners are asylum seekers or recognized refugees.
    • All foreigners should be released from prison and other detention centers immediately at the end of their sentence. Instructions should be sent out to all detention centers making this clear, and that detaining someone without lawful authority is a criminal offense (Art. 368 of Penal Code)
    • With respect to asylum seekers or refugees: the Ministry of Interior should grant them temporary renewable residence permits, commonly referred to as circulation permits in Lebanon.
    • With respect to migrants who are subject to deportation orders: they should normally be at liberty pending deportation. Under Lebanese law (Art. 89 of Penal Code), they have 15 days to arrange for their departure. The committee should consider extending this timeframe in cases where their departure may be delayed because of circumstances outside their control: for example, if their employer is responsible to pay for the outbound ticket (as in the case of domestic workers) and the employer is not being responsive, or their country of origin does not have an embassy in Lebanon to issue them needed papers.

B. As an intermediary step, we urge you to:

  • Reform Policy towards Migrants in Irregular Situation:
    • Detention of migrants in irregular situation should be the last resort. Alternatives that ensure rights, dignity and well-being should be considered and pursued before detention, such as supervised release, regular reporting requirements, or posting bail. The UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, in a report issued on February 16, 2009, reiterated that "immigrants in irregular situations should not be qualified or treated as criminals nor viewed only from the perspective of national security. Detention should be of the last resort, permissible only for the shortest period of time."[4]
  • Reform Policy Towards Asylum Seekers and Refugees:
    • Amend the 1962 Law Regulating the Entry and Stay of Foreigners in Lebanon and their Exit from the Country so as to exempt asylum seekers and refugees from penalties for being in the country illegally.

We would like to thank you for considering this letter and hope that you will be able to release the foreigners who have finished serving their sentence as soon as possible,

Sincerely,

Kamel Jendoubi,

President of EMHRN

Darine el-Hage, Executive Director

ALEF

Khiam Rehabilitaion Center for Victims of Torture

Suzanne Jabbour, Executive Director, Restart Center
For Rehabilitation Of Victims
Of Violence And Torture

Nadim Houry, Beirut Director, HRW

Marie Daunay,

Presidente, CLDH

Frontiers Ruwad Association

Rachid Mesli
Legal Director
Alkarama

Souhayr Belhassen, President, FIDH

MECC

Middle East Council of Churches

Eric Sottas

Secretary General, OMCT

André Barthélemy

President,

Agir Ensemble pour les Droits de l'Homme

Georges Assaf

Director

PINACLE

Hélène Legeay

Responsable des programmes Maghreb Moyen-Orient

ACAT

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